Tadeusz Borowski - Ladies and Gentlemen to the Gas Chamber

What We Must Do To Survive Tadeusz Borowski short story â€Å"Ladies and Gentlemen to the Gas Chamber†, is a compelling story based on Tadeusz Borowski own experiences at Auschwitz Concentration Camp. This horrific account at Auschwitz is described though the eyes of a narrator and Henri, one of the forced residents of Auschwitz from Poland. Through the story we see that the narrator and Henri do whatever it takes in order to survive and live a decent life while they are forced to stay at Auschwitz. The narrator and Henri are inmates Auschwitz who have the task of unloading rail cars filled with people and all of their belongings. As we relive the experiences, we will compare and contrast each of their perceptions as these events unfold.†¦show more content†¦A whip flies, the woman scream, stumbles, and falls. The narrator even states, I don t know why, but I am furious, simply furious with these people-furious because I must be here because of them. I feel no pity. I am not sorry they re goin g to the gas chamber. The prisoners feel anger toward the incomers also because the easiest way to relieve your hate is to turn against someone weaker. Glimpses of true beauty, dignity, and humanity show periodically within the camp. The narrator even refers to the camp as being a heaven of peace...† Suddenly I see the camp as a haven of peace. It is true, other may be dying, but one is somehow still alive, one has enough food, enough strength to work ....† The narrator is also touched and surprised as suddenly, above the teeming crowd pushing forward like a river driven by an unseen power, a girl appears. She descends lightly from the train, as if she is of higher status or more grace. There is just something about this girl that makes him so enchanted by her. Her bravery stands out for while she is near the gas chamber: communal and disgusting. She faces these horrors and with a natural gesture she runs her hands down her blouse, casually straightens her skirt....mature look in her eyes. This girl possesses values that the other prisoners have lost. Not only does she have enchanting blond hair, with beautiful breasts, she also has those rare qualities of courage, faith, and dignity. While she comesShow MoreRelatedSurvival of Nazi Atrocities and Borowski’s Narrative Techniques in This Way To The Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen937 Words   |  4 PagesTadeusz Borowski’s â€Å"This Way to the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen† is a story told by Tadek, the diminutive of Tadeusz, recounting the Nazi atrocities that took place in Auschwitz. In his rendering of daily life in Auschwitz, Borowski explains his role as a kapo: a non-Jewish inmate who works and schemes to survive amid daily slaughter. In the ‘concentration universe’ social relations are determined by access to basic goods needed for survival, like food and clothing, and by the surplus of these thatRead MoreThis Way for the Gas Analysis Essay1239 Words   |  5 PagesThe Stages of Deception used as a way of Persuasion and the thought of Hope in This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen Throughout Borowski’s collection of short stories, â€Å"This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen† various characters have been deceived into their own executions. The thought of being led to one’s own death without even knowing is what went through the minds of many Jews during the Holocaust. These victims had no control or say in their fates and faced the judgment without anyRead MoreThis Way For The Gas, Ladies And Gentlemen Essay815 Words   |  4 Pages INTRO:Tadeusz Borowski is a polish poet and short story writer who grew up in a time during the holocaust. He published most of his works for the underground press as they were brutally honest from his personal experience. He struggled in search of good moral values despite his Nazi occupation. In his short story â€Å"This way for the gas, ladies and gentlemen† was set in a concentration camp in Auschwitz. The narrator was a polish prisoner who worked under Nazi rule, we can assume it is based onRead MoreThe Truth Of Auschwitz Concentration Camp837 Words   |  4 PagesA large proportion of stories and poems that describe the truth of Auschwitz concentration camp are written by the survivors who gets out of there. The author - Tadeusz Borowski, who have been through the deadly gas situation and he used his pen to telling people what truly happened in Auschwitz. Just like what he mentioned in the short story, â€Å"There can be no beauty if it is paid for by human injustice , nor truth that passes over injustice in silence, nor moral virtue that condones it.†, he is theRead MoreThis Way for the Gas, Ladies Gentlemen729 Words   |  3 PagesThe sole factor that separated Tadeusz Borowski from the gas chambers when he was at Auschwitz—beyond the fact that he wasn’t Jewish—was his cooperation with the S.S. soldiers. He assisted the Nazis in eliminating thousands of Jewish men, women, and children. â€Å"This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen† ultimately uses the narrator to convey Borowski’s message of what really happened during the Holocaust. This also explains why the story is in first person: it reflects the author’s own experiencesRead MoreLiterary Representation Vs Visual Testimony Essay2242 Words   |  9 PagesBudick, writes in her book Aharon Appelfeld s Fiction: Acknowledging the Holocaust, she gives an analysis of the symbols and metaphors written in Tadeusz Borowski’s â€Å"This Wa y for the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen†. She writes â€Å"from the opening image of the thousands of naked men and women milling around the barracks in the volume’s lead story, Borowski inundates the text with animal and insect imagery, all of which tend to produce a view of human beings not simply reduced by circumstance to inhumanRead MoreSigmund Freud, Joseph Conrad, And Tadeusz Borowski1390 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Freud, Joseph Conrad, and Tadeusz Borowski were some of the most influential voices during 20th century Europe. Europe at the time was transitioning from being one of the most powerful and intellectual nations, to now experiencing human suffering, revolutions, and war. Due to this, these intellectual thinkers began to drift away from 19th-century enlightenment ideas, such as liberty, progress, and a constitutional government. They began to question Europe s achievements and started criticizingRead MoreThis Way for the Gas Ladies and Gentlemen1246 Word s   |  5 PagesThe sullen narrative This Way for the Gas Ladies and Gentlemen poignantly recounts the events of a typical day in a Nazi concentration camp during World War II. The author, Tadeusz Borowski, was Polish Holocaust survivor of Auschwitz, the series of death camps responsible for the deaths of the largest number of European Jews. Recounted from a first-person point of view, the novel unfolds at dawn as the unnamed narrator eats breakfast with a friend and fellow prisoner, Henri. Henri is a member ofRead More Internal and External Violence Essay1482 Words   |  6 Pagesthe mind, a violence of emotion, though internal violence is closely linked to external violence. They are linked not only because external violence causes internal violence, but also because of the reverse. This is seen in the works of Ellison, Borowski, O’Connor, and DeLillo. In â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† O’Connor shows the effects of internal violence compared to external violence. On one hand you have the family members that are brought off to be killed. The only thing the author letsRead MoreThis Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen: Term Paper1448 Words   |  6 PagesRebecca Klotz His 102 Dr. LaPierre April 24, 2013 This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen During the time of World War II, people considered inferior to the Nazis were sent off to concentration camps. Determining who lives and who dies was done mainly by separating those who are healthy and able to work from those who are not. So in order for these inmates to survive, they had to make themselves appear as healthy and work-capable as possible for as long as possible. Making this work was

Relationship Between Marital Conflict And Children s Peer...

Abstract Children are an active processor of their environment and marital conflict can predict their emotional and behavioral adjustment. It is important to develop intervention programs and strategies that will help children cope and reduce the likelihood of negative outcomes from witnessing interparental conflict. The current study aims to determine if there is a link between marital conflict and children’s peer relationships. The proposed study will be a 12-year longitudinal study. Data will be taken from the participants every four years beginning with children aged 5 at the beginning of the study. The child’s parents, teachers, peers and the child were asked to answer various questionnaires including the Children’s Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale (CPIC), Conflict Tactics Scale, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), the Problem Behavior Questionnaire, and a peer nomination technique. It is expected that there will be a link between marital conflict and chil dren’s negative adjustment with with peers. The Effect of Marital Conflict on Children’s Peer Relationships Throughout the past decades, there has been an interest in researching the link between marital conflict and children’s adjustment. Considerable evidence indicates that parental conflict can affect many aspects of children’s lives including mental health, sense of safety, feelings of guilt, and role modeling (Clements, Martin, Randall, Kane, 2014). Marital conflict has consistently been linked toShow MoreRelatedA Short Note On Disorders And Families : Effects On Children1548 Words   |  7 Pages Dysfunction in Families: Effects on Children Sara Laplante University of Connecticut HDFS 2004W Sec.01 October 20, 2014 Dysfunction in Families: Effects on Children Dysfunction is manifested in many families in society and can be detrimental to children. However, the effects of dysfunction in families on children are often overlooked. Studies show that children are affected by dysfunction in families, and the three journal articles that will be summarized in this essay exploreRead MoreEssay about Depression and Anxiety in Persons with Divorced Parents1184 Words   |  5 PagesBreidablik, Meland, 2013). It is factual that children who have parents that have divorced typically face more obstacles in numerous aspects of life than children who have married parents. Children that experience divorce have up to a 300% increase in probability to be impacted by issues in mental wellbeing than their peers without an incident of divorce in their parental structure (Shifflett Cummings, 1999). These issues can arise due to the various conflicts that may come into play throughout theRead MoreFamily Conflicts And Child Social Development1481 Words   |   6 PagesUniversity of Toronto PSY311H1 Summer 2017 Social Development Instructor: Hali Kil Research Proposal Family conflicts and child social development ï ¿ ¼Student Name: U of T Student ID: Date of submission: WONG Yuk Lun Anthony 1002162072 June 7, 2017 1. Introduction The aim of this study is to examine whether family conflicts affect child social development. According to one of the famous studies done by Albert Bandura, it shows that when adult acts violently towards the Bobo doll, the child will imitateRead MoreDivorce And The Effects On Child Development1577 Words   |  7 Pageshusbands and children. The lack of understanding of the primary nature of marriage has brought about a withdrawal from the institution of marriage. Parents need to slow on the uptake and proceed with care before the decision is made that divorce is the best solution for the child. Parents’ marital misery and friction harmfully affect their children’s happiness, comfort and security, but as does being subjected to going through a divorce. Children who are living in very high conflict and tension filledRead MoreEffects Of Divorce On Children s Life1736 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of Divorce in Children So you re living the american dream , you have a perfect house , a perfect car , two perfect children and then like the majority of americans the trend of divorce hits your family . Divorce is a daunting word ,it causes heartbreaking change and pain to everyone involved . Many would agree its a child nightmare seeing their two parents separate . Who could think that one single event could carry such importance on a child s life .Children of divorced parents areRead MoreChildrens Psychological Adjustment to Entry into Kindergarten1325 Words   |  6 Pagesenvironments can contribute to the development of adjustment problems (Bronfenbrenner, 1979). A child’s psychological adjustment to entry into school for the first time can have a significant impact on the level of success achieved later in life. Children rated higher in school adjustment by their elementary school teachers, as a result of improved cognitive development, showed positive attitudes toward school resulting in better school performance which lead to higher educational attainment and lowerRead MoreThe Effects Of Divorce On Children And Children1548 Words   |  7 Pages The Effects of Divorce on Children Mikele J. King Medaille College Abstract The current divorce rate suggests that one out of every two marriages will end in divorce. This paper is a critical literature review that explores the hypothesis that divorce has detrimental effects on children. Six different risks have been suggested to cause the differences in an increased need for help between divorced family children and two-parent family children: parental loss, economic loss, more lifeRead MoreParenting Styles and Culture1378 Words   |  6 Pagesthe links between parenting styles and developmental outcomes may not be universal. Much research has been conducted on the different parenting styles across cultures. There are also many myths about which parenting style is the best or the most beneficial to the social development of children. Reviewing past literature on this subject matter reveals that the authoritarian parenting style produced more overt aggression and many more social interaction difficulties among young children. Recent researchRead MoreThe Im pact Of Social Emotional Learning On Children s Development2192 Words   |  9 Pageschildren’s healthy cognitive development and is important in creating a strong foundation for future academic success. According to Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning [CASEL] (2008), SEL refers to the process that supports children to develop the fundamental social and emotional competencies for getting success in challenging situation. The primary purpose of this paper is therefore, to discuss the importance of SEL for children’s overall development, the key factors, bothRead MoreDivorce Has A Huge Impact On My Life1668 Words   |  7 Pagescases, the children or child is separated from one of their parents. Divorce can effect developing children emotionally and possibly their psychological state. Divorce is defined as the dissolution of marriage by a court or determination of a marital union. Many scholars have analyzed and discussed the consequen ces and factors of divorce in-cluding lifestyle changes, financial stability, social networking, emotional support, and psycho-logical changes. Both parents and their children have the possibility

Enviromental Issues Free Essays

These are a few of many environmental issues that are faced in the Coastal Plains, the Western Cordillera, and the Arctic today. The Coastal Plains has many issues that need to be addressed. The Coastal Plains is a flat, low-lying area of land which is beside the sea coast. We will write a custom essay sample on Enviromental Issues or any similar topic only for you Order Now It stretches smoke along the Ignited States and Mexico. It varies in climate depending on the region. For example in the north, it is defined by snowy and cold winters although in the summer it is hot and humid. In the southern part of the coastal plains it is sub-tropical, which means the winters are usually mild and warm. One of the many environmental issues in the Coastal Plains is urban sprawl (overpopulation). The Texas plains has expanded in population by 1 19% from 1970-90. The consequences of this are a large amount of carbon oxide being emitted into the atmosphere caused by cars and factories. This also contributes to the climate change in the planet and global warming. Along with this, sea levels are rising and tropical storms/hurricanes are becoming more apparent. A solution to this issue is less usage of cars. If we could use fewer cars and start using more public transportation such as bikes and buses, we could put less carbon dioxide into the environment. We can’t fix the overpopulation issue but at least bringing awareness could possibly make a difference. Overall, the Coastal Plains is a beautiful area that needs to have these issues fixed or bringing more awareness to the public. The Western Cordillera is a region in North America with environmental issues that can affect us greatly in the future. The Western Cordillera goes along the west coast of North America. It contains numerous mountains that haven’t been worn down by erosion. The climate is usually mild but mostly it is very wet. The issues the Western Cordillera is climate change and clear cutting. Climate change affects this region by impacting future water resources. The jack of snow caused by climate change could make water more scarce in the future. Clear cutting is also a severe issue. Clear cutting is when you cut down an entire forest until nothing is left. Consequently, salmon bearing streams are also affected too. The solutions the water issue is less uses of personal transportation. By using fewer cars we can reduce the amount of greenhouse gases and which equals slower effects of global warming. The clear cutting issue can be fixed by regulating what trees can be cut. Cutting the old trees instead of the new growth could help the environment. However, the economy situation would make these possible solutions a challenge to follow. The Arctic could negatively change the Earth if we don’t fix the severe issues that are happening at this moment. The Arctic region is a combination of lowlands and mountains. The climate is very severe since because it is not close to the equator. Summers are very short and winter dominates most months. Iron socially, the arctic is a desert because of the little amount of precipitation. The Arctic has been very vulnerable to effects of global warming. The Arctic temperatures were raised more than twice than usual over the past century. This can lead to higher sea levels which could possibly be a disaster. Another thing that can happen is the extinction of Arctic animals. With less ice in the region, polar bears have a harder time finding food to eat and then they unfortunately die of starvation. The solution to this issue isn’t really possible. Again, using less fossil fuel could possibly help. Possibly bringing awareness about the issue could bring public pressure to the government to do something. However, until that would happen, we can only see the effects climate change has on this region In conclusion, the Coastal Plains, the Western Cordillera, and the Arctic have serious environmental issues that can permanently change the world. The one thing that all of these regions have in common is that they are all effected by climate change/global warming. We can’t necessarily stop it but we can do our part to help these regions by not overly using personal transportation and emitting a lot of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Overall, these regions can negatively affect us unless we do something to change it. How to cite Enviromental Issues, Papers

Reductionist and Complexity Approach in Systems †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Reductionist and Complexity Approach in Systems. Answer: Introduction The way that system thinking has been developed in many ways since its inception, scholars have tried to understand the theories of reductionist and complexity. Reductionist theories had emerged in the 20th Century, which had influenced the thinking of Western culture. The form of reductionism follows the idea that the processes existing in the universe can be disintegrated. On the other hand, complexity deals with the behavioural properties of a system (Asano, Engel and Baumeister 2016). The following report would focus on the factual differences between the approaches of reductionism and complexity. The report would include the reasons to study complexity in spite of the presence of simpler alternatives offered by reductionism, the problems that could arise for not recognising complexity in a system and the use of systems techniques to address to the problems of dealing with student plagiarism and acquiring a large tract of land for a new facility. The reasons to study complexity in spite of the simpler alternatives offered by reductionist approach Systems can be defined as the set of entities, which could be unified into a whole through dependencies, interactions and relationships. Complex systems deal with the behavioural properties of a system. Alternatively, reductionist theory believes in the idea of scientifically disintegrating a system or a process into their constituent parts. This is to put forward the idea that every system is explainable with the reductionist theory. However, the reductionist theory also has its limitations. Many scientific approaches define the reductionist theory as inapplicable since there is presence of too complex systems in the universe that could be disintegrated into numbers (Fardet 2017). For example, if we take human emotions into account, it would be so difficult that it would never be easily assessable empirically with the help of physiology. In this case, the reductionist theory stands guilty for oversimplifying things. In similar ways, there is a possibility of many phenomenon, or organisms, or scientific theories, which is too difficult to explain with the help of reductionist theory. The presence of chaotic systems in the universe cannot be denied (Hyder and Bign 2016). The chaotic systems like turbulence, patterns in the weather format and the behaviour of people in a crowd cannot be detected with reductionist theory, as this would be most difficult to disintegrate (Seer, Brndle and Ratti 2014). It is for this reason that however, the reductionist theory puts forward the idea of explaining every scientific phenomenon by disintegrating and simplifying them into numbers, complexity theory needs to be studied. The idea of disintegrating too complex systems into numbers can be discarded since they are not applicable to every scientific system in the universe. Consequences for not recognizing complexity Different scientists have imposed upon reductionist theory from time to time, where complexity has always existed in the universe. There are presences of various objects in the universe that cannot be reduced to a mere number to be offered a simpler form. Such systems cannot be explained with the help of a reductionist theory. If complexity is not recognized in, there could be no progress in the study of the physical phenomenon such as turbulence in fluids and the massive gravitating astronomical systems (Boulton, Allen and Bowman 2015). It would also be impossible to recognise the intricate human interactions, functions of a human brain, different emotions working in different organisms and the functions of the living cells. Following are two important examples of what would be the obligations of not recognising the theology of complexity in the universe. Firstly, as an example, a flock of birds is regarded as a complex system, swarming around somewhere in the countryside. It could be seen that none of the birds are regarded singly as an in-charge, yet all the birds would behave in an organized manner and the intelligence of the group would be working as a single unit (Lacquaniti, Ivanenko and Zago 2016). It would also be noticed that while flight, the birds would synchronise their time and speed to fly through as a single unit. This phenomenon could only be understood by complexity. This is because the unified functioning of all of these birds would be difficult to disintegrate into a single unit. Secondly, the working of a human brain is also best described with the help of complexity theory. The innumerable amounts of neurons present in the brain of human influences functioning of each other (Varela, Thompson and Rosch 2017). In this way a human brain works. The dynamic functioning of a human brain is thus literally unpredictable since these neurons give rise to the events like dreaming, experiencing different emotions, obtaining ideas and understanding or creating metaphors. Both the behaviour of a swarm of birds or a human brain is unexplainable if the complexity theory is not understood. Since these could not be disintegrated into simpler numerals or cannot be directly controlled, it is only possible for the theory of complexity to understand significant insights to such phenomena. Reductionist theory cannot etch out surprising patterns in these systems. Use of systems techniques to address the problems Acquiring a large tract of land for a new facility The studies that have been discussed above give a clear idea that the complexity system deals with the complex analysis of an interacted and intricate system, whereas reductionist theory deals with disintegrating a system into simpler forms to deduce numbers from it. A piece of land is a system that could be disintegrated into different simpler systems to acquire a numerical form. The facilities to be installed also are a system capable of disintegration into simpler numerical forms (Van Manen 2016). Thus if the entire system of a land is considered where a new facility needs to be installed could be understood and addressed with the help of a reductionist theory. However, if it were tried to implement a complexity approach in this regard, the system would not be able to be amicable since there is no presence of a complex system that is impossible to be explained in numbers. Dealing with student plagiarism Plagiarism is a phenomenon best defined as mulling over someone elses task or ideas or work as own. However, this is illegal in approach, yet there are certain occurrences of this phenomenon (Rapp 2015). Copying someones ideas and work as own and not acknowledging the original work is a complexity of human brain, which gives rise to the thought of plagiarising. Thus, it depends on the functioning of a human brain that a person plagiarises. Any function that a human brain performs depends upon the dynamic function of the neurons present in a human brain. Human emotions and behaviour falls under the complex systems, which can only be described by complexity approach (Bara 2016). The patterns and tendencies in students to perform plagiarism can only be scrutinized through a complex system approach. The pattern however, could not be predicted by a specific theory since human brain is impossible to perceive specifically. Conclusion Therefore, it could be specifically concluded from the discussion above that every scientific phenomena and system could be explained with the help of the theories of complexity and reductionist approach. However, reductionist theory implies that all the systems in the universe can be deduced into simpler forms and be explained, the complexity approach begs to differ. According to the complexity approach, certain systems like the human brain, the turbulence in fluids, the massive gravitating astronomical systems and other complex systems like this cannot be identified as a simple and deduced numerical system. Instead, these systems are to be considered complex and approached in the same way. There are distinctive phenomenon discussed in the report that explains that all systems could not be understood by the reductionist theory though it offers a simpler approach. To understand complex systems, complexity approach needs to be implemented. References Asano, S., Engel, B.D. and Baumeister, W., 2016. In situ cryo-electron tomography: a post-reductionist approach to structural biology.Journal of molecular biology,428(2), pp.332-343. Bara, B.G., 2016.Cognitive science: A developmental approach to the simulation of the mind. Routledge. Boulton, J.G., Allen, P.M. and Bowman, C., 2015.Embracing complexity: Strategic perspectives for an age of turbulence. OUP Oxford. Fardet, A., 2017, January. Reductionist versus holistic paradigms in nutrition science. InIUNS 21st ICN International Congress of Nutrition(p. np). Hyder, A. and Bign, E., 2016. Assessment of a Web Comparative Behavioural Model with an Interdisciplinary and Complexity Approach. InMarketing Challenges in a Turbulent Business Environment(pp. 311-315). Springer, Cham. Lacquaniti, F., Ivanenko, Y.P. and Zago, M., 2016. Are we ready to move beyond the reductionist approach of classical synergy control?: Comment on" Hand synergies: Integration of robotics and neuroscience for understanding the control of biological and artificial hands" by Marco Santello et al.Physics of life reviews,17, p.38. Rapp, B., 2015.Handbook of cognitive neuropsychology: what deficits reveal about the human mind. Psychology Press. Seer, S., Brndle, N. and Ratti, C., 2014. Kinects and human kinetics: A new approach for studying pedestrian behavior.Transportation research part C: emerging technologies,48, pp.212-228. Van Manen, M., 2016.Researching lived experience: Human science for an action sensitive pedagogy. Routledge. Varela, F.J., Thompson, E. and Rosch, E., 2017.The embodied mind: Cognitive science and human experience. MIT press.

Mobile Phone Based Attendance Tracking System Essay Sample free essay sample

In bing system. professor takes the attending and enter the inside informations of absentees or presenters through UMS. The computation of student’s attending each twenty-four hours and the per centum is done automatically. The Attendance Section of the UMS helps the pupils and staff to maintain a regular path of their attending. The pupil can look into his/her up to day of the month aggregative attending every bit good as class wise attending as and when required. The parents can besides see and look into their ward’s attending position on regular footing. But chief job is with extra characteristics that UMS provides i. e. a characteristic for Mobiles in the signifier of humanoid or window apps but that is merely for android compatible Mobiles. Though many pupils presents are utilizing humanoids based Mobiles but still many are there which do non utilize such engineering Mobiles. EXISTING SYSTEM Introduction LPU promotes a civilization of paperless University. We will write a custom essay sample on Mobile Phone Based Attendance Tracking System Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours disposal and most of the University processs are carried out online. The University Management System ( UMS ) . an on-line portal of University. is one such advanced measure of the University to supply critical information sing faculty members and other University logistics for helping the University pupils. their parents and the staff. The bing system which is operational and is similar to our undertaking is the LPU Apps which works on assorted different platforms like Windows. Android and Iphone. These applications are available on our University Management System web site. Through these applications we can see our assignments. attending. time-table. consequence etc. In our undertaking which we are developing through the aid of JavaMe. we are developing an application which can run on any Java compatible phone irrespective of the phone’s operating system. In this application we will be taging the attending and besides sing the attending through any Java compatible phone. Existing Software University Management System ( UMS ) is a big database system which can be used to pull off. maintain and procure our university’s twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours concern. The UMS can be accessed through the UMS Login available on the University web site by logging in utilizing the Username ( pupil Registration Number in instance of pupils and parents ; and Employee ID in instance of staff ) and the Password. For login: †¢ The pupils should come in their Registration figure as Username and the watchword. †¢ The Staff should come in their Employee ID as Username and the watchword. In instance of the application provided for the phone based environment named â€Å"LPUTouch† which runs on Io. Android and Windows phone. First the login page comes when we start the application. After logging in as an attested user we can entree our attending. position Markss and see our clip tabular array. What’s new in the system to be developed In the bing system the application has merely been designed for platform like Windowss. humanoid and Io. It does non work on any other phone. But the application which we have designed can run on any Java enabled device irrespective of the type of OS the phone is running. therefore widening the usage of this application. Our undertaking is based on J2ME engineering. PROBLEM ANALYSIS In this stage we analyze the bing system/product looking for t heir strength and failings. For bing we have already mentioned above the assorted jobs with the system. i. e. . it is excessively feverish to be handled. For illustration everything involves paperwork like if we need to look into the old records of the vehicles entered in the premises for the parking so it normally involves direction operating expenses and registries to manually scroll through every page and entry to make a peculiar record. Whereas in the proposed system the full database would be maintained online we merely have to do a question from the user interface. Product Definition Mobile phone based attending tracking system is a J2ME Application developed by utilizing Midlets and JDBC. It is a nomadic app used for taging attending. updating attending records of pupils. and easy care of record maintaining. Feasibility Analysis A feasibleness survey of a system proposal is harmonizing to its workability. which is the impact on the organisation. ability to run into their user demands and effectual usage of resources. Therefore when a new application is proposed it usually goes through a feasibleness survey before it is approved for development. Some of import characteristics that are to be considered for the feasibleness analysis are: 1. Technical Feasibility – The system must be evaluated from the proficient point of position foremost. The appraisal of this feasibleness must be based on an outline design of the system demand in the footings of input. end product. plans and processs. The undertaking should be developed such that the necessary maps and public presentation are achieved within the restraints. Our undertaking is developed utilizing Java/J2ME and JSP and therefore it is technically executable for development. 2. Economic Feasibility – The development system must be justified by cost and benefit. Since the system is being developed as portion of undertaking work. there is no manual cost to pass for the proposed system. Besides all the resources are already available. it give an indicant of the system is economically possible for development. Our undertaking is an app so economically executable. 3. Behavioral Feasibility – In this we focus on the client support that whether the proposed system is sufficient to back up the demands. Our undertaking has taken attention of many client ( student-teacher ) needs. Undertaking Plan The undertaking aims in implementing package that helps professor to take the attending utilizing nomadic phone. For this nomadic must back up Java application. This undertaking is based on J2ME engineering. Professor enters the attending to the nomadic utilizing computer keyboard. It is a manual procedure. After salvaging the absentees or presenters in to the Mobile. teacher can redact the attending list in the Mobile. And this attending inside informations can direct to a computing machine through servlets. After directing the files to a computing machine. attending of pupils gets updated automatically. The undertaking is divided into different subdivisions or faculties. to pull off these all platforms and the database association with them. our squad has the undermentioned people working on different faculties: ? ASHISH NIVHAL: Connectivity Module ? GURBEER KAUR: Database Module ( BACK END )? SUMIT SINGH: User Module ( FRONT END )? ABHAY NATH: User Module ( FRONT END )? SANJEEV KUMAR: Database Module ( BACK END )As the undertaking is in J2ME. for front terminal we will be utilizing midlets as an interface for user for bringing informations and demoing consequences. The back terminal is oracle xe for storage intent. The connectivity between these terminals has been done through JDBC. Software REQUIREMENTS ? Platform: Windows or Linux? Language/Technology: J2ME? Development tools: JDK 1. 5 or subsequently. WTK 2. 5 or subsequently? Database used: Prophet Xenon? Technologies used: JSP. JDBC.? Web Server: Glassfish Server 3. 1. 2 ( Apache Tomcat 5. 5. 9 ) DesignSystem design is design of constituents. architecture. faculties and interfaces of the system. It covers the design of each faculty and its working in brief through Flow charts. Data flow diagrams. The information flow diagram of our undertaking is as shown below Description1. LOGIN TYPEa. MARK ATTENDANCE: For instructors to tag attending of pupils b. GET ATTENDANCE: For pupils to look into out their attending c. ADMIN: For admin to make alterations in database2. LOGINa. USERNAME: For now it is same for all instructors i. e. †Teacher† but in future alterations can be made B. Password: As set by admin can be changed seasonably. instructors will be informed about alterations explicitly 3. Section Choice For choosing among all the subdivisions. which section’s attending instructor want to tag. 4. ATTENDANCEThis will dwell of attending sheet with pupils name to tag the attending 5. DatabaseFor storage intent. all the attending to be saved in this. all pupils attending records are updated etc. . TestingSoftware proving is more than merely error sensing. Testing package is runing the package under controlled conditions. to ( 1 ) verify that it behaves â€Å"as specified† ; ( 2 ) to detect mistakes. and ( 3 ) to formalize that what has been specified is what the user really wanted. 1. Confirmation is the checking or testing of points. including package. for conformity and consistence by measuring the consequences against pre-specified demands. [ Confirmation: Are we constructing the system right? ] 2. Mistake Detection: Testing should deliberately try to do things travel incorrect to find if things happen when they shouldn’t or things don’t go on when they should. 3. Validation looks at the system correctness – i. e. is the procedure of look intoing that what has been specified is what the user really wanted. [ Validation: Are we constructing the right system? ] Functional TestingFunctional testing is a proving technique that ignores the internal mechanism of the system and focuses on the end product generated against any input and executing of the system. It is besides called black box testing because it is non concerned about codification. Black box testing is frequently used for proof. Functional Testing covers the undermentioned focal point countries: ? Mainline map: Focuss on proving the chief maps of the application. Because of this. mainline map proving frequently overlaps with other Functional Testing focal point countries. ? Error conditions: Testing for mistake conditions uses inputs that are outside of the range of valid parametric quantities and pervert from usage instances. This includes researching boundary conditions. driving error waies. and exposing all mistake messages. ? Recovery: The intent of recovery testing is to guarantee that the recovery map meets the recovery demands. Recovery demands stipulate how an application recovers from an mistake. ? Basic serviceability: Functional Testing does non include formal serviceability proving. but all Functional Testing examiners are expected to watch for and describe obvious serviceability jobs that clients might meet when seeking to utilize the merchandise. ? Vulnerability: Functional Testing examiners must analyze and verify all of the security elements designed into the system. in the same manner the mainline maps are tested. ? Arrested development: Trial instances for of import maps are rerun at appropriate points in every release. even if the functionality was unchanged since the last clip the trial was run. A trial instance might besides be rerun one time a hole is applied to verify the hole. This re-verification of old trial instances is called arrested development proving. Structural Testing Structural testing is a proving technique that takes into history the internal mechanism of a system. It is besides called white box testing and glass box proving. It is used for the confirmation. Degree of Testing: 1. Unit of measurement TestingUnit of measurement testing is a process used to formalize that a peculiar faculty of beginning codification is working decently. The process is to compose trial instances for all maps and methods so that whenever a alteration causes a arrested development. it can be rapidly identified and fixed. Benefits: The end of unit testing is to insulate each portion of the plan and show that the single parts are right. Unit proving provides a rigorous. written contract that the piece of codification must fulfill. As a consequence. it affords several benefits: a ) Facilitates Change B ) Simplifies Integrationdegree Celsius ) Documentationvitamin D ) Separation of Interface from Implementation2. Integrated Systems TestingIntegrated System Testing ( IST ) is a systematic technique for formalizing the building of the overall Software construction while at the same clip carry oning trials to uncover mistakes associated with interfacing. The aim is to take unit tested faculties and prove the overall Software construction that has been dictated by design. IST can be done either as Top down integrating or Bottom up Integration. 3. System Testing System proving is proving conducted on a complete. incorporate system to measure the system’s conformity with its specified demands. System proving falls within the range of Black box proving. and as such. should necessitate no cognition of the interior design of the codification. System proving is really done to the full system against the Functional Requirement Specifications ( FRS ) and/or the System Requirement Specification ( SRS ) . Furthermore. the System testing is an fact-finding testing stage. where the focal point is to hold about a destructive attitude and trial non merely the design. but besides the behavior and even the believed outlooks of the client. It is besides intended to prove up to and beyond the bounds defined in the software/hardware demands specifications. Staying All Testing Models comes under System Testing 4. User Acceptance Testing User Acceptance Testing ( UAT ) is performed by Users or on behalf of the users to guarantee that the Software maps in conformity with the Business Requirement Document. UAT focuses on the undermentioned facets ? All functional demands are satisfied. ? All public presentation demands are achieved.? Other demands like transportability. compatibility. mistake recovery etc. are satisfied. ? Acceptance standards specified by the user is met. ExecutionThe undertaking has been divided into following faculties:1. User Faculty:The chief intent of the user faculty is to supply security. This faculty is specially designed for staffs. which use nomadic phone to take attending. Each staff enter username and watchword before enter in to attendance list. If username and watchword can non fit. he/she can’t enter in to attendance page. It is besides for pupils who need to cognize their attending. 2. Attendance Entry Module:The intent of Attendance Entry Module is to tag the attending utilizing cell phone. In this faculty Lecturer takes the attending utilizing the cell phone. Lectors select the subdivision. After this session he enters in to attendance page. Here staff makes a grade on the absentees. 3. Connectivity Faculty: The chief map of this faculty is it sends attendance list to the waiter database. In this faculty connectivity is made between front terminal A ; back end i. e. database. 4. Updating the Database Module: The first map of this faculty is to update the attending list from the cell phone. When the attending list from the cell phone receives. server automatically updates its database. The waiter updating the database whether any alteration from cell phone occurred. 5. Display Faculty: The Displaying attending list Module trades with the WEB application of J2ME. In this faculty Students can see their attending through this app. Student must supply their enrollment figure so they get their attending. Bibliography 1. hypertext transfer protocol: //j2mesamples. blogspot. com/2009/02/database-connection-using-j2me. html 2. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. roseindia. net/j2me/check-box. shtml3. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=YbXmFp8wRDw A ; feature=related 4. hypertext transfer protocol: //docs. prophet. com/cd/B14099_19/wireless. 1012/b13819/j2meprov. htm 5. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. zimbra. com/forums/zimbrame-j2me-client/20004-how-resolve-javax-microedition-io-connectionnotfoundexception-tcp-exception. hypertext markup language

38 Letters of the Alphabet

38 Letters of the Alphabet 38 Letters of the Alphabet 38 Letters of the Alphabet By Maeve Maddox Daniel’s post on the letter Z certainly had the readership hopping on April 1! Most readers quickly got the joke and joined in on the April foolery, but a few seemed to be really annoyed with us. The comments are still coming in and make enjoyable reading. A â€Å"perfect† alphabet would have one letter for every speech sound. As everybody knows, and nearly everybody loves to point out, English does not enjoy a perfect alphabet. Of the 26 letters in the English alphabet, only 14 stand for a single speech sound: b, d, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, r, t, v, w, z If we want to think about getting rid of â€Å"unnecessary† letters, the best candidate is not z, but c. C has no sound of its own, but is an alternate spelling for the sounds /k/ and /s/ as in camp and cent. The next least necessary letter is q. Alone it represents the sound /k/. With a u it stands for the sound /kw/: Iraq, queen. Of the five remaining consonant letters, f, g, s, x, and y, four represent distinct sounds of their own, but can also represent consonant sounds already represented by other letters: f: fun, of g: go, giraffe s: sin, miser x: fox, xylophone The letter y can stand for either a consonant or a vowel: y: yellow, gym As for the vowel letters a, e, i, o, and u, the sounds they represent number at least 12 (In American speech, the vowel sounds of father and on are the same): a: at, ape, father e: Ed, be i: in, ice o: on, no, to u: up, uke, put That takes care of the 26 letters of the English alphabet, but that’s not the end of the story. Much of the confusion regarding English spelling comes from pretending that English is spelled with the 26 single letters of the alphabet. The truth is, we use letter combinations as extra letters to represent speech sounds that are not represented by any of the single letters. Here are 12 combinations that represent distinct speech sounds: ow: cow oi: oil aw: law ar: car or: for er: her sh: ship wh: wheel ch: church th: thin, this ng: sing si; vision Any way you cut it, English spelling is complicated, but knowing about the combinations that represent sounds not in the alphabet can clear up a lot of the confusion. As for getting rid of any of the letters, the Defense of Z on April 1 shows how popular that idea would be! NOTE: Alternate spellings exist for the sounds /ow/, /oi/, /aw/, /er/, and /sh/. Alternate spellings also exist for many of the sounds represented by the single letters. The subject of alternate spellings is best reserved for another post. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Classes and Types of Phrases8 Writing Tips for BeginnersSupervise vs. Monitor

Multiple Sclerosis and Stress Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Multiple Sclerosis and Stress - Assignment Example It has been observed that there is a linkage between Multiple Sclerosis and stress. Multiple Sclerosis is a disease which directly affects the spinal cord and brain. It has symptoms of muscular weakness, depression, memory loss and fatigue. Stress is also the major contributor to the birth of this disease. The severe level of stress can cause depression and therefore, it may lead to the development of Multiple Sclerosis. The research aims to validate the linkage of Multiple Sclerosis and stress by National Multiple Sclerosis Society’s (NMSS). It will better allocate the present funding loans which strengthen the training and Multiple Sclerosis leadership methodologies of NMSS. This association will help to control and improve the level of stress by providing better awareness and educating people who are suffering from Multiple Sclerosis. The research portion of this paper â€Å"Three Abbreviated Research Plan† shows the soundness of house workshop and theories of Multiple Sclerosis. These theories will be investigated and examined as an initiative in order to support the platform of developing the cognitive growth of caretakers and Multiple Sclerosis patients. For instance, the availability or lack of training and development of leadership for MS population versus a virtual online training and development framework will yield better results for MS population at all levels. This research is supported and facilitated by a consultancy firm named as Quality Health Caressa (QHC). This firm is a part of the Stone Industries Group. It helps in directing the research plan and tools which will support the QUAN, QUAL, and their respective hypotheses. Moreover, a six sigma approach is also integrated to validate the success of MS population through the learning environment of online lectures.

Marriott Hotel Ansoff matrix Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marriott Hotel Ansoff matrix - Essay Example Market penetration refers to a strategy where the organization enters a new market with its existing products (Oh, 2009). Through the market penetration strategy, a company can increase consumption of existing customers through rebates or overhauling of the business (Waters, 2006). According to Reid and Bojani (2010), this strategy aims at increasing the usage and number of the present customers either by attracting new consumers those from the competitors. In order to attract new customers, Marriot Incorporation has undergone a revamp of its promotional determinations that lay emphasis on the consumers (Olmsted, 2014). The company had recognized that though they would regard themselves as one of the best brands in the world, they lacked the zeal to appease customers. Starwood’s chain of hotels, one of Marriot’s rivals, challenged Marriot to look for the younger people in order to increase its market share and customers. Marriot hotels have in the past few years concent rated on offering their brand online to customers who like surfing all day. The company has a blog called â€Å"Marriot on the move† that accommodates people online (Marriott News Center, 2014). This blog has become an outstanding channel of providing entertaining stories and news on the company’s present, past and future prospects. This blog has gained a huge audience through the high number of followers in social media. As with other industries, user-targeted content is particularly vital in hospitality. Organizations that do not take advantage of the use of social media in the present age may miss out on a cheap platform that allows the company to interact directly with the clients (Bhttarai, 2014). In this regard, Marriot Incorporation has successfully expanded its operations across the world through revamping the organization to target new customers and

HR Strategic Plan for the company I work for thhe company Essay

HR Strategic Plan for the company I work for thhe company - Essay Example It also set out new strategic directions and an action plan for implementation. A team headed by the Vice President, Human Resource Management has been inaugurated to monitor the implementation of the plan. The consulting firm is expected to evaluate plan implementation quarterly and present a comprehensive report to the Board of Directors, and also prepare and present an annual report at each AGM. JP Lexington was incorporated in the USA in 1978. It is essentially into manufacturing of electric generating sets and water pumping machines but has ventured into production of electrical and electronic accessories of automobiles. The company has its first and biggest plant at Ann Arbor, Michigan and three other plants in Virginia, Texas and Hawaii. JP Lexington has also successfully opened and operated offshore branches in Malaysia, Singapore and China. Its expansion plan included acquisition and partnership with firms in China and India for new or adaptive trademarks. The company’s headquarters in Ann Arbor and regional marketing offices in Brasilia, Brazil (for South America and the Caribbean), Abuja, Nigeria (for Africa), Dubai, UAE (for Middle East), Shanghai, China (for East and Central Asia), Moscow, Russia (for Russia, Caucasia and East Europe) and Amsterdam, the Netherlands (for West and Central Europe and Scandinavia). The company currently has 12,578 salaried employees and over 5,900 casualized employees. The company and its industry-specific, sector-wide and economic environment was x-rayed to identify the following strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, which this strategic plan is designed to explore and transform. JP Lexington will in the next 10 years advance to the next level in the use of environmentally-friendly technology. It will continue producing sophisticated version of its old products buts will systematically divert is energy, resources and competencies into

A PC Repair Business Proposal

A PC Repair Business Proposal With PC Repair, computer and technical consulting services such as repairs, training, networking and upgrade services are offered to small local businesses and home PC users. For a company like ours to maintain their customer relations, our company will focus on marketing, responsiveness and improve quality of the services to our customers. At present our PC Repair will be a partnership, but after about one year it will migrate to a Limited Liability Company in January 2013. Our PC Repair business at its early stage will start at a rented office, utilizing one studio room in the rented premises and serving customers in the local Louth area and beyond. In the fourth month of our plan, we will move into a leased office environment and employ a second computer technician. With increase in sales, we will equally employ additional personnel. Your companys goals. Our primary customers will be small business PC users and the residential PC users. Our short and long term goals of our business is to: The goal of our business is to create standard for on-site computer solutions through fast, on-site service, quick response time and easy turn around. To provide the best service available to the people in the community at an affordable price. To generate customer satisfaction so that at least 40% of our customer base is repeat business. To generate considerable market share so that PC Repair is a common name. Constant growth in sales from start up through year three we will repay our loan and beyond. Provide our employees with adequate training; make the place of work a conducive and great place to work, fair pay and benefits, and incentives to use their own good judgement to solve customers problems Explain in a few paragraphs your short- and long-term goals for the company. How fast do you think it will grow? Who will be your primary customers? 3. The service or product planned to offer. We will be offering computer repairs, training, and networking and upgrade service to our customers in two main distinct categories namely home PC users and small business users. As our PC Repair business starts to grow with increase in customers demands as well grows, we will start to provide software development to our business customers. From the very first day of our business inception, we will start offering our customers with on-site repair and consulting services. This service will alleviate our customers with the problem of taking time out of their busy days bring a computer in to our workshop. The issue of bring a computer to workshop for repair is one of the biggest disturbances among small business owners needing computer help. It will be easy for us to offer on-site repair because most of our diagnostic equipment is portable. We can only remove a PC from our customer premises to our workshop only when the problem requires a more detailed diagnosis or repair. We will as well be providing our customers with free pick-up and delivery of PCs that is requiring repair. In the fourth month of our business, we will purchase a company van in order to meet up with the challenges associated with our services. With our PC Repair business we will be providing our customers with an extended maintenance agreement. In this regard, our business customers can deal with technical support and repair needs or requirements as a single line-item expense, instead having to plan for unexpected failures and problems with (security funds) a rainy-day fund they may never use. Maintenance agreements will provide a high gross margin for our business, and provide our customers with peace of mind. We will concentrate on hardware and networking support while offering a limited software support installation and compatibility issues. The reason is that software development is much more rapid than hardware does, and our customers will have such varied software needs that we may not possibly keep up with all of them. We will then advice our customers to register their software and use the support of the software vendors options. We will, however, keep up to date with multiple operating systems and networking developments. We will be working with our business customers to ensure that they have the compactable hardware, Operating Systems, networking devices, backup systems, and software. Backup and security will be our top priority for our potential customers, as the rate of internet usage has becomes more common, and as well as more and more daily business records and transactions are stored electronically. 4. The market potential for your service or product. The computing industry nature, with its rapid technological growth rate, creates a concern for the need for businesses skills been up-to-date and providing advice to customers on computer-related issues. Small business PC users and home PC users will provide the majority of our business income. Business Week expects the computing industry to grow at a rate of 12% and the processor speeds to continue to expand for years to come, providing a rich resource for sales [1] With our PC Repair business we will focus majorly on the small business market, because these customers usually dont have full-time IT personnel, but they have the needs for fulltime IT. Our PC Repair business will offer these customers with affordable on-demand services. We can also offer maintenance agreements that generate extra monthly income to our business. In respect of our residential customers, we will provide them an affordable, helpful and flexible schedule service to fit with their needs. Our target market will focus on having competitive advantage over PC World and its likes in surrounding areas. Market research shows there are loads of business for a small company such as ours PC Repair. 5. A marketing strategy. We will exploit the weakness of our competitors in our market strategy. We will run a reasonable number of advertisements on the local news papers business page, local radio stations and the local television houses and post some bills. This will happen in the starting phase of our business. Our advertisements will focus on our advantages, such as on-site service, competitive rates, and quick response time to faults and turn-around times. In the advertisement, our opening date will be made known to the public, and a free diagnostic service will be give for the first 30 customers. We will maintain these opening advertisements with a smaller direct-marketing drive to some small business owners within and around the county, with lists drawn from the local Chamber of Commerce. For the first year that we are in business, we will not relent on advertising our business periodically and offering promotions such as discounts, free diagnosis etc. We will be running monthly advertisements in sections rather than the business one so that we will have steady response from home PC owners from different areas that saw our advertisements. In order to attract more customers, we will make a promotion for three months for example, Spyware removal on a desktop PC for â‚ ¬50 including tax and software. This offer will draw the attention of customers because spy is a menace for small business PC users and many home PC users 6. A three- to five-year financial projection. To get our PC Repair business started, we must provide cash and assets. We are also seeking a short-term loan, to be secured with the owners home equity, and repaid within three years [1]. In the first three months our financial plan calls for limited growth, followed by much higher sales when we will be hiring additional technicians. Our projections are relied on market research and ratios that is compared to similar businesses. We will try to cut down our operational expense as we grow, and maintain a positive cash balance as we repay our three-year loan. For us to achieve these goals, we will employ a vigorous advertising campaign or drive to exploit our competitors weaknesses. Using good cost control, we will see a modest, yet comfortable, net profit the first year, even after moving into a leased space and recruit new employee. 7. An exit strategy. All good business plans include a section that lays out the benchmarks youll use in deciding to call it quits. The strategy could be based on a Euro figure, revenue growth, the markets reception to your idea, or a consensus among top officers.

The Rise of Silas Lapham by William Dean Howells Essay -- Papers Willi

The Rise of Silas Lapham by William Dean Howells In the novel, The Rise of Silas Lapham, William Dean Howells makes a particular point about the morals of an individual in the business world. His point is that an individual, such as Silas, must check their morals at the door if they have any plans to make it in the business world. The novel has always been popular, partly because it presents Lapham's financial and social failure as "consciously and deliberately chosen" when he has to decide whether he shall cheat and stay on top in business or tell the truth and fail irrecoverably (Gibson 283). The Rise of Silas Lapham is a novel that deals with the potential moral corruption of a man by money. The outward signs of Silas Lapham's corruption are his attempts to buy his way into social acceptance with a costly house and to buy his way out of moral responsibility through the deliberately unwise loan to a former partner and victim. The loan, made with money that his wife prevented him from spending on the house, is a complication that is neither accidental nor trivial. His eventual "rise" is a moral one resulting from the rejection of a legally sound but purely materialistic standard. It is accompanied by a corresponding adjustment in his understanding of the meaning of social differences, and a return to the "tradition" which had given his own family life solidity and dignity (Bennet 150). By using setting, symbolism and characterization, William Dean Howells writes about the conflicts of an individual and the world of big business, in the 19th century. The setting is a crucial part of the story. The Rise of Silas Lapham is set in the city of Boston, Massachusetts in the late 19th century. If the story where set anyw... ...terature. Ed. Frank N. Magill. Vol. 3. Marshall Cavendice Corporation: New York, 1991. 932-945. Kirk, Clara Manburg. W.D. Howells and Art In His Time. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1965. Petry, Alice Hall. "William Dean Howells." Critical Survey of Long Fiction. Ed. Frank N. Magill. Vol. 4. Englewood Cliffs: Salem Press, 1983. 1,368-1,379. Pizer, Donald. "The Ethnical Unity of The Rise of Silas Lapham." Critics on William Dean Howells. Ed. Paul A. Eschholz. Coral Garden: University of Miami Press. 80-83. "Portrait Of An American." William Dean Howells: The Development of A Novelist. Ed. George N. Bennet. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1959. 50-51, 80-81, 150-161. Scudder, Horace E. "Recent American Fiction." Critical Essays On William Dean Howells, 1866-1920. Ed. Edwin H. Cady and Norma W. Cady. Boston: G.K. Hall & Co., 1983. 37-57